Найдите разность:
| \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 2\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | |
| \(\displaystyle –\) | |||||
| \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 7\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | |
| | |||||
Для того чтобы найти разность чисел \(\displaystyle 82819-47941{\small,}\) необходимо произвести следующие вычисления:
1. Первое действие.
Вычитаем единицы: \(\displaystyle 9-1=8{\small.}\)
| \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 2\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | |
| \(\displaystyle –\) | |||||
| \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 7\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | |
| \(\displaystyle {\small?}\) | \(\displaystyle {\small?}\) | \(\displaystyle {\small?}\) | \(\displaystyle {\small?}\) | \(\displaystyle \bf 8\) | |
2. Второе действие.
Вычитаем десятки: \(\displaystyle 1-4{\small.} \)
Но так как \(\displaystyle 1 \) меньше \(\displaystyle 4 {\small,}\) то мы занимаем единицу из следующего разряда – это \(\displaystyle 8\) – и вычитаем: \(\displaystyle 11-4=7 {\small.}\)
| \(\displaystyle \small{\bf {-1}}\) | |||||
| \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 2\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | |
| \(\displaystyle –\) | |||||
| \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 7\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | |
| \(\displaystyle {\small?}\) | \(\displaystyle {\small?}\) | \(\displaystyle {\small?}\) | \(\displaystyle \bf 7\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | |
3. Третье действие.
Вычитаем сотни с учетом заема единицы в прошлом действии: \(\displaystyle 8-9-1=8-10{\small.}\)
Но \(\displaystyle 8\) меньше \(\displaystyle 10{\small,}\) поэтому мы занимаем единицу из следующего разряда – из \(\displaystyle 2\) – и вычитаем: \(\displaystyle 18-10=8{\small.}\)
| \(\displaystyle \small \bf -1\) | |||||
| \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 2\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | |
| \(\displaystyle –\) | |||||
| \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 7\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | |
| \(\displaystyle {\small?}\) | \(\displaystyle {\small?}\) | \(\displaystyle \bf 8\) | \(\displaystyle 7\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | |
4. Четвертое действие.
Вычитаем тысячи с учетом заема единицы в прошлом действии: \(\displaystyle 2-7-1=2-8{\small.}\)
Но \(\displaystyle 2\) меньше \(\displaystyle 8{\small,}\) поэтому мы занимаем единицу из следующего разряда – из \(\displaystyle 8\) – и вычитаем: \(\displaystyle 12-8=4{\small.}\)
| \(\displaystyle \small \bf -1\) | |||||
| \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 2\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | |
| \(\displaystyle –\) | |||||
| \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 7\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | |
| ? | \(\displaystyle \bf 4\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 7\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | |
5. Пятое действие.
Вычитаем десятки тысяч с учетом заема единицы в прошлом действии: \(\displaystyle 8-4-1=3{\small.}\)
| \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 2\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | |
| \(\displaystyle –\) | |||||
| \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 7\) | \(\displaystyle 9\) | \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 1\) | |
| \(\displaystyle \bf 3\) | \(\displaystyle 4\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | \(\displaystyle 7\) | \(\displaystyle 8\) | |
Ответ: \(\displaystyle 34878{\small.}\)